Setting up Your Python Environment

Before writing your first line of Python code, you need to prepare your environment. Download a text editor—VS Code (available at code.visualstudio.com) is recommended. Then, download the latest version of Python from python.org. Verify the installation by opening your terminal and typing `python3 --version`. This should display your Python version.

Your First Python Program: "Hello, World!"

Create a file named `main.py` and write your first line of code:

python print('Hola mundo')

Save the file (Cmd + S), open your terminal in VS Code, and run the code using: `python3 main.py`. This will print "Hola mundo" to the console.

Comments in Python

Add comments to your code using the `#` symbol:

python # This is a comment

Variables and Data Types

Python supports various data types:

Text (strings): e.g., `libro = 'El programador pragmático'`
Integers (numbers): e.g., `numero = 10`
Floating-point numbers (decimals): e.g., `decimal = 3.14`
Booleans (true/false): e.g., `booleano = True`
Lists (arrays): e.g., `numeros = [23, 45, 67]`
Dictionaries (maps/objects): e.g., `jugadores = {'10': 'Messi', '7': 'Cristiano Ronaldo'}`

Accessing List Elements

Access list elements using their index (starting from 0):

python print(numeros[0]) # Output: 23

Accessing Dictionary Elements

Access dictionary elements using their keys:

python print(jugadores['7']) # Output: Cristiano Ronaldo

Constants

Constants are similar to variables but their values cannot be changed. For example:

python pi = 3.14

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Python supports standard arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /.

python print(1 + 1) # Output: 2

Comparison Operators

These operators compare values:

== (equal to)
!= (not equal to)
< (less than)
> (greater than)
<= (less than or equal to)
>= (greater than or equal to)

python print(4 == 4) # Output: True print(4 != 5) # Output: True

Identity Operator

The `is` operator checks if two variables refer to the same object in memory.

Logical Operators

These operators work with boolean values:

and
or
not

Conditional Statements

`if`, `elif`, `else`

Control the flow of your code based on conditions:

python autorizado = True if autorizado: print("Puede ingresar") else: print("No puede ingresar") python entero = 100 if entero == 99: print("es 99") elif entero == 100: print("es 100") else: print("es otro numero")

`match` Statement (Python 3.10+)

A more concise way to handle multiple cases:

python match entero: case 99: print("es 99") case 100: print("es 100") case _: print("advertencia")

Functions

Reusable blocks of code:

python def sumar(primero, segundo): return primero + segundo resultado = sumar(3, 4) print(resultado) # Output: 7

Loops

`for` Loop

Iterate over a sequence:

python animales = ['perro', 'gato', 'pajaro'] for animal in animales: print(animal)

`while` Loop

Repeat a block of code as long as a condition is true:

python entero = 100 while entero >= 910: print(entero) entero -= 10

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Model real-world concepts as objects. The example uses a class to represent programming languages:

python class Lenguaje: def __init__(self, nombre, año): self.nombre = nombre self.año = año def descripcion(self): print(f"{self.nombre} fue creado en {self.año}") javascript = Lenguaje("Javascript", 1995) javascript.descripcion() # Output: Javascript fue creado en 1995

Modules

Organize your code into multiple files (modules):

In `modulo.py`:

python def restar(a, b): return a - b

In `main.py`:

python import modulo print(modulo.restar(10, 2)) # Output: 8

Conclusion

This tutorial provides a foundation for learning Python. Further practice and exploration of advanced concepts are encouraged. The speaker promotes their online academy, Academia X, for professional programming education.

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